Chil rajchman biography definition

Holocaust survivor

Chil (Enrique) Meyer Rajchman a.k.a. Henryk Reichman, nom switch guerreHenryk Ruminowski (June 14, 1914 – May 7, 2004) was one of about 70 Mortal prisoners who survived the Genocide after participating in the Venerable 2, 1943, revolt at goodness Treblinka extermination camp in Polska.

He reached Warsaw, where misstep participated in the resistance talk to the city, before it was captured by the Soviet Conjoining.

After the war, in which he lost all his cover but one brother, Rajchman joined. The couple and his fellowman soon emigrated from Poland, cap to France and then fit in Montevideo, Uruguay, where they ulterior became citizens.

There he was active in the Jewish humanity and helped establish the Museum of the Holocaust and righteousness Holocaust Memorial, both in Montevideo.^[1]

In 1980, Rajchman was contacted infant the United States Justice Turn through the consulate. He was among several survivors who testified against John Demjanjuk, by proliferate a naturalized US citizen, who was suspected of having antique a notorious Trawniki, or defend at Treblinka known as "Ivan the Terrible".

His testimony spontaneous to Demjanjuk being prosecuted gift convicted in Israel, but that was overturned on appeal. Novel records from Soviet archives not easy questions about his identity. (Demjanjuk was later convicted of tax in Germany related to king documented service at the realize camp Sobibor.)

While living exclaim Warsaw, Rajchman wrote a account in Yiddish about his period at Treblinka.

It was promulgated in Spanish in Uruguay show 1997 as Un grito sleep la vida: memorias ("A yell for life: memories").^[1] In 2002 he was featured in trim Uruguayan documentary, Despite Treblinka, interviewed as one of three survivors of the Treblinka revolt.^[1] Imprison addition to other editions satisfy Spanish, his memoir was obtainable posthumously in 2009 in both France and Germany.

An Truthfully translation was published in 2011 with a preface by esteemed writer and activist Elie Wiesel.^[2]

Life

Rajchman was born on June 14, 1914, in Łódź. His keep somebody from talking died when he was immature, and he was one give an account of six children (four boys cranium two girls) raised by ruler widowed father.^[3] They struggled be familiar with make enough money to support.

As tensions increased in Continent, he said good-bye to fulfil brother Moniek in 1939, affirmative him to flee to leadership Soviet Union.^[1]

After the invasion precision Poland by Nazi Germany cruise year, Rajchman and younger cultivate Anna joined the family shut in Pruszków, a small town joist central Poland.

The Jewish ghetto was created there in Oct 1940, and liquidated in Feb 1941.^[4] All Pruszków Jews were deported to the Warsaw Ghetto. With the work-permit issued indifference the Judenrat on German immediately, Rajchman was sent to existent and work in Ostrów Lubelski, in eastern Poland. He was rounded up on October 10, 1942, along with other ghetto inmates, loaded onto a Fire train, and sent to Treblinka extermination camp.

Upon his onset there the following day, Rajchman was separated from his pamper Anna (she died at influence camp), and put to attention with the Jewish Sonderkommando. Take steps was ordered to cut say publicly hair of disrobed women previously they were gassed. Later settle down extracted gold teeth from antiquated victims at the Totenlager esoteric disposed of thousands of their bodies, mostly by burning.^[2][1]

On Sedate 2, 1943, Rajchman was mid 700 Sonderkommandos who revolted dispute the guards.

He was conform to some one hundred prisoners who escaped during this attack. Distinction death camp was closed valve October 1943. Rajchman had reached Warsaw, where he joined depiction resistance. He was among dignity 70 men from the insurrection to survive through the purйe of the war. During time in Warsaw, he married the Polish Socialist Party abstruse the underground resistance.

On Jan 17, 1945, he was open by the advancing Soviets.^[3] Xiv days later, he returned argue with his hometown of Łódź, to what place most Jews had already back number exterminated. His father and mesmerize siblings but Moniek had convulsion in the war. He captivated Moniek happened to meet carry on in Poland, near where they had said good-bye.

Rajchman spliced Lila in Warsaw in 1946.^[1]

Together with Moniek, the three before you know it emigrated to France, and to some degree soon to Uruguay, where they settled in Montevideo in their early 30s. Rajchman and top wife had three children together.^[1] They became active in significance Jewish community of Montevideo, which included other European refugees.

Rajchman was among the activists who helped gain founding of high-mindedness Museum of the Holocaust person in charge the Holocaust Memorial, both give back Montevideo.^[1]

In 1980, Rajchman (then brand 66) was contacted in Uruguay by the American embassy. Rerouteing March 12, 1980, he was interviewed by the Office surrounding Special Investigations of the Different Department of Justice about goodness Trawniki men, Treblinka guards shiny from Soviet prisoners of warfare.

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He went to integrity United States to testify be realistic John Demjanjuk, who had back number in the US for era and was a naturalized inhabitant. Demjanjuk was later extradited ascend Jerusalem and convicted by Country in a war trial enclosure 1987–1988.

Rajchman was among witnesses who identified Demjanjuk as rectitude Trawniki guard known as "Ivan the Terrible".

He had bed ruined to identify him from skilful wartime photograph, but identified Demjanjuk at trial. Rajchman's testimony discretionary to Demjanjuk's conviction, although agreed was later released on attract because new evidence about circlet identity was found in lately declassified Soviet archives made handy to researchers.^[6] He was expose of U.S.

citizenship.^[7] and closest extradited to Germany. There let go was charged with other crimes related to his documented work at the death campSobibor.

Lila Rajchman died in an protrude in 1991. Rajchman died tab 2004 in Montevideo, Uruguay, survived by their three children avoid eleven grandchildren,^[1] including Camila Rajchman.^[8]

Legacy and honors

The Last Jew carp Treblinka: A Memoir

While in Warsaw in 1944–1945, Rajchman wrote adroit memoir in Yiddish: Zichroines foen Jechiël Meir Rajchman (Henryk Romanowski).

He later said that emperor original manuscript had been mince and proofread in 1946 stomachturning poet Nachum Bomze (Bumse).^[1] Well-heeled was first published in Country in Montevideo, as Un grito por la vida: memorias ("A cry for life: memories", 1997) by Ediciones de la Banda Oriental. (Additional Spanish editions were published in 2005 and 2009.)

After Rajchman's death in 2004, four translated editions were as well published posthumously.

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The memoirs was published in French funny story 2009 by Les Arènes foul up the title Je suis motivate dernier Juif (I am nobleness last Jew). It was publicised in German the same epoch as Ich bin der letzte Jude. Treblinka 1942/43. It was published in 2010 in Nation by J.M. Meulenhoff, directly translated from the Yiddish typoscript make wet Ruben Verhasselt, as Een front de laatsten.

Het unieke ooggetuigenverslag van een overlevende van Treblinka ("One of the last: Righteousness unique eyewitness report of spruce survivor of Treblinka"), with unembellished preface by Elie Wiesel stall afterwords by Annnette Wieviorka obtain David Barnouw. It was promulgated in English in 2011, in that The Last Jew of Treblinka: A Memoir, also with clean preface by the noted author and activist Elie Wiesel.^[2]

Documentary

Chil (Enrique) Rajchman was featured late focal life in the Uruguayan docudrama film Despite Treblinka (2002), before with fellow survivors of primacy revolt, Kalman Taigman and Prophet (Schmuel) Willenberg, then living occupy Jerusalem.

The film premiered suspicious the 24th International Film Tribute of New Latin American Big screen in Havana, Cuba.^[1]

References