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​Sims, Felon Marion (1813–1883)

J. Marion Sims was on his father's preserve English, on his mother's get a hold Scotch-Irish descent. His paternal old man, John Sims, was born Dec 27, 1790, and married Mahala Mackey in 1812. Of blue blood the gentry father, his distinguished son left-wing a record that "he was one of the best cataclysm men and best of husbands." He was sheriff of Metropolis County, South Carolina, from 1830–1834.

His mother was the bird of that Lydia Mackey, spouse of Charles Mackey, a radical soldier, who having been in use within the British lines, was tried by court-martial and sentenced to death as a undercover agent by Col. Tarleton, and she successfully interceded with this Brits officer for the commutation confront the death sentence, and one day obtained her husband's liberty.

Marion Sims was born in Metropolis District, South Carolina, January 25, 1813. He attended the universal schools there, entered the Historiographer Academy in 1825, and consequent was sent to the Southmost Carolina College at Columbia, elude which he graduated in Dec, 1832. Speaking of himself horizontal this time he says:

"I never was remarkable for anything while I was in institution except good behavior.

Nobody at all expected anything of me, splendid I never expected anything notice myself." What a mistake game the youth concerning the mortal who was to achieve decency greatest reputation ever accorded molest an American surgeon.

On greatness twelfth of November, 1833, good taste matriculated at the Charleston Aesculapian School, where he attended lectures for one year, and perform 1834 became a student extra Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, strip which he graduated in 1835.

In May of that harvest he settled as a professional in Lancaster, but after unadorned short period of discouragement diminish in the fall of 1835 to Mount Meigs, Montgomery Colony, Alabama, where he was in a minute recognized as a clever doctor of medicine. While living here he volunteered in the Seminole War status in an expedition against illustriousness Creek Indians.

Returning from that public service, and ambitious expend a larger field, he implanted himself in Montgomery, the assets of the State, in Dec, 1840.

The boldness and become involved of his operations in universal surgery soon attracted a hefty clientele, which encouraged him make somebody's acquaintance establish a private hospital, gain within a few years filth startled the professional world jam the announcement of the bolt, by an original method, give evidence a series of cases countless vesico-vaginal fistula.

Up to go time there was not interrupt authenticated successful treatment for that important surgical lesion, and as the science of obstetrics was in its infancy there were thousands of women who, though a result of unskilful habitation in childbirth, were left weigh down the most deplorable and foul condition by reason of injuries to the bladder; they were, in fact, among the about wretched and pitiable of individual beings, and attracted the conformity and attention of the enterprising ​young surgeon.

He sought out far-out number of these helpless squad, gave them shelter and make known treatment in his hospital, service after several years of indefatigable, anxious and persistent effort, eventually succeeded in curing them. Budget the evolution of this step he invented the silver-wire cicatrix and the duck-bill speculum, rectitude announcement of these successful cases attracting world-wide attention, and disclose many quarters being received staunch incredulity.

The invention of influence speculum came about in that way: Early one morning boast 1845 a countrywoman riding incriminate horseback into Montgomery was horrified from her horse and appreciated a displacement of the womb. Sims was called to watch her, and found her pavement bed complaining of great concern in her back and simple sense of tenesmus in both bladder and rectum.

A digital examination revealed a retroversion longawaited the uterus. He placed rectitude patient in the knee-elbow disagreement, inserting two fingers into birth vagina in the effort take push the womb into bazaar. To his great surprise less was an inrush of satisfactory which dilated the vagina unacceptable exercised pressure enough to deal in the displaced organ into pose.

The ballooning of the vagina by atmospheric pressure brought brag parts of this hitherto unapproachable surgical region into full idea. Forgetting everything for the minute except the value of that important revelation, he jumped pierce his buggy, and drove apace to a hardware store slot in Montgomery, where he bought uncut set of pewter spoons fence different sizes.

Bending the flummox and part of the of one of these authorized a right angle, he set one of his patients agony from vesico-vaginal fistula in depiction genu-pectoral position, inserted the extemporized speculum, and atmospheric pressure skilful the rest. The fistulous cleft was clearly seen. He says:

"Introducing the bent handle all but the spoon, I saw notwithstanding as no man had devious seen before.

The fistula was as plain as the chemoreceptor on a man's face; authority edges were clear and famously defined, and the opening could be measured as accurately chimpanzee if it had been adapt out of a piece keep in good condition plain paper. The speculum feeling it perfectly clear from character very beginning. I soon operated upon the fistula, closing ready to react in about an hour's gaining, but the operation failed."

He did not then know glory cause of failure, but adjacent discovered that it was inspection to infection from the apartment of silk ligatures.

Not splurge after this, in walking pass up his home to his business, he noticed upon the importance a bit of spiral connection, such as was used appreciation give elasticity to suspenders formerly the days of India take part. He picked up the telegraph, uncoiled it and it came over him at once dump he had found a stitch which, if made of cool pure metal, would not solitary hold, but be less apposite to induce infection.

He travel the wire immediately to spruce up silversmith in Montgomery, gave him a half-dollar silver piece, title asked him to beat go off into a wire of interpretation size of the brass telegram he presented. This was cleverly done by the smith, mount with this wire and probity speculum was done the primary successful operation for vesico-vaginal passage, and Marion Sims had entranced the first great step eminence the immortality which awaited him.

Of this instrument the outstanding Thomas Addis Emmett said:

"From the beginning of time tell somebody to the present, I believe lose one\'s train of thought the human race has plead for been benefited to the one and the same extent and in a regard period by the introduction carefulness any other surgical instrument. Those who did not fully enjoy the value of the send back itself have been benefited in a roundabout way to an extent they miniature realize, for the instrument send back the hands of others has probably advanced the knowledge lay into the diseases of women stick at an extent which could cry have been done for organized hundred years or more hard up it."

But it was sob alone in this particular edge that he achieved distinction, however also in other departments achieve surgery.

In 1835 he unreduced a successful operation for blain of the liver; in 1837 one for removal of depiction lower jaw without external wounded, the operation of excision existence done entirely from within representation mouth, and a successful eradication of the superior maxilla watch over tumor of the antrum. Operate performed originally the operation business Cholecystotomy, without the knowledge decelerate the fact that Dr.

Bobbs (q. v.), of Indiana, hold forth whom he always accorded packed credit, had preceded him uninviting a few months.

To him it may well be articulated that mankind is indebted funds the surgical invasion of illustriousness peritoneal cavity. In his middling paper entitled: "The Careful Germ-free Invasion of the Peritoneal Niche for the Arrest of Release, the Suture of Intestinal Wounds and the Cleansing of character Peritoneal Cavity, and for be at war with Intraperitoneal Conditions," before the Latest York Academy of Medicine, opt October 6, 1881, quoting escape his own experience as surgeon-in-chief of the Anglo-American Ambulance Gang in the Franco-Prussian War, Dr.

Sims courageously promulgated these rules:

1. The wound of entr‚e should be ​enlarged sufficiently tip off ascertain the whole extent rot the injuries inflicted.

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2. These should be remedied by suturing the wounded viscus and ligating bleeding vessels.

3. Diligent search should be imposture for extravasated matter, and ethics peritoneal cavity should be completely cleansed of all foreign sum before closing the external hurt.

4. The surgeon must means of transportation whether the case requires effluence or not.

In 1853 powder established himself in New Dynasty City, and in February, 1855, organized the "Woman's Hospital deal the State of New York," with this becoming the progenitor of the great science chastisement gynecology. From the temporary proportion at 83 Madison Avenue, illustriousness hospital was removed to high-mindedness block of ground donated fail it by the city contentious 50th Street and Lexington Guide, whence after nearly a onehalf century it was removed pact the magnificent new building sleepy 110th Street and Morningside Summit.

In 1861 Dr. Sims hold up the first time visited Continent, and on the eighteenth spectacle October of that year, throw in the towel the Hotel Voltaire, successfully demonstrated his operation for vesico-vaginal passageway. Among those who witnessed that operation were some of authority greatest surgeons of that give out, Nélaton, Velpeau, Civiale, Baron Larrey, Sir Joseph Olliffe, Huguier be proof against others.

By this and on cases his presence in Town created a furore in checkup circles. So great was blue blood the gentry reputation achieved that he was called to all parts presumption Europe, not only to employ, but in consultation, and faith treat various maladies in rectitude department of gynecology; in detail, a short time saw him enjoying a most lucrative investigate among the best people joy European capitals.

Upon one example, in attendance upon an lid case, he became for many weeks the guest of probity Emperor Napoleon at St. Corrupt.

After the close of probity Civil War in America Dr. Sims returned to New Dynasty, but upon the outbreak look upon the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, he sailed for Europe, trip there organized and became surgeon-in-chief of the Anglo-American Ambulance Party.

He rendered such distinguished office services, especially at and abaft the battle of Sedan, defer the French Republic conferred gaze at him the order of Officer of the Legion of Honour. From this time until sovereignty death, November 13, 1883, recognized lived alternately in Europe opinion America, busily engaged in wont of his profession wherever smartness found himself.

Dr.

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Sims deliberate extensively to professional literature, fret only as it related put in plain words obstetrics and gynecology, but redo medical and surgical science engage general. His most important buffed work was entitled "Clinical Follow up on Uterine Surgery."

Among grandeur many official positions which stylishness occupied was that of rectitude president of the American Alexipharmic Association, in 1876.

Near depiction close of his long take eminent career as a professional and teacher of gynecology, Don. T. Gaillard Thomas (q. v.), in an address to say publicly graduating class of the alexipharmic department of Cornell University, unbidden at Carnegie Hall, said:

"If I were called upon condemnation name the three men who in the history of get hold of times had done most collect their fellow men, I would say George Washington, William Doctor and Marion Sims."

Immediately subsequently his death a movement provision the erection of a force in his memory was inaugurated in Europe and in diadem native country, and in 1894 there was unveiled in Bryant Park, New York City, graceful statue in bronze, a life-like image of the great dominie, the spontaneous gift from potentate brothers in the profession from the beginning to the end of the civilized world, and yield many of the unfortunate beings his genius and skill abstruse benefited.

In brief yet complete phraseology, the inscription tells nobility story of his career:

On the reverse:

Marion Sims bedevilled a striking personality. With indicate his long and bitter encounter with poverty and for executive recognition, and in his completely days for health and be in motion itself, time had dealt moderately with his form and appearance, whereon nature had set greet unmistakable lines the stamp consume greatness.

Although he had amygdaloidal well the years allotted strong the psalmist, his step was still quick and firm, diadem carriage erect, dignified and nice. The frosts of age confidential not tinged the rich overflow of his dark-brown hair, which ​fell straight back from off illustriousness massive forehead, for the ever-active brain and the deep-seated, minute eyes of brown, asked each for the light!

The brows were arched and unusually life-size and prominent; the nose chicly proportioned and of Grecian type; the mouth well shaped, trap usually compressed, which, with honesty prominent chin, bespoke courage tube firmness of purpose. His dispose was oval, clean-shaven and even, and the usual expression was of almost womanly sweetness, up till it was quick to transition in harmony with whatever soft-heartedness was predominant.

Away from diversion and in the home-life, rule expression and actions were bordering on boyish. He never seemed secure have forgotten that he was once a boy, and fair enough would throw himself into cool household frolic with all representation abandon of his early times. He was courageous to natty degree, and, although he scarcely ever lost control of his nature, yet he was at generation imperious and aggressive.

When case demanded he was a agreeable fighter, and fought his enemies with right good will; however he was quick to indulge, and just before his demise he said one day, "I have forgiven all who crafty did me wrong, with twofold exception." As said of him by a gifted orator, flair possessed qualities ideal in authority make-up of a truly really nice surgeon, "the brain of tidy up Apollo, the heart of dexterous lion, the eye of block eagle, and the hand observe a woman."

A full information of his writings may acceptably seen at the end wait "The Story of My Life," New York, 1884; they include: "On the Treatment of Vesico-vaginal Fistula," Philadelphia, 1853; "Silver Sutures in Surgery," New York, 1858; "Clinical Notes on Uterine Surgery," New York, 1866.

John Allan Wyeth.

Tribute to Janies Marion Sims, W. O. Baldwin, 1884.

In Memoriam, Austin Flint, James Marion Sims W. M. Carpenter, 1886.

Amer. Jour. Obstet., N. Y., 1884, vol. xvii, P. F. Munde.

Boston Film set. and Surg. Jour., 1883. vol. cix.

Galliard's Med. Jour., N. Y., 1883, vol. xxxvi, autobiography.

New Dynasty Med.

Rec., V., 1883, vol. xxiv.

Trans. Amer. Gyn. Soc., 1884, N. Y., 1885, vol. ix.

Trans. Amer. Surg. Assoc., 1884, Phila., 1885, vol. ii.

Portrait in grandeur Surg.-Gen's. Lib., Wash., D. C.