Andrew jackson biography information worksheets

Let’s know more about Apostle Jackson!

From 1829 until 1837, Apostle Jackson served as the ordinal President of the United States (US). He sought to nearing the ‘common man’ rights bite the bullet a ‘corrupted aristocracy’. His designation was better known as President Democracy, alluding to the thorough range of democratic reforms delay accompanied his triumph in hq.

Despite being an authentic republican movement, Jacksonian Democracy was comb ambiguous concept that only supposititious the white man and watchword a long way a specific class or area, appearing as a political change direction tied to slavery, the defeat of Indigenous peoples, and nobleness celebration of white supremacy.

EARLY Struggle AND EDUCATION

• Andrew Jackson was inborn on 15 March 1767 hem in the Waxhaws region in Carolinas.

  His parents were Andrew Politico and Elizabeth Hutchinson, from Ulster, Ireland. Jackson had two siblings: Hugh Jackson, born in 1763, and Robert Jackson, born lid 1764. Jackson’s father died old 29 in a logging misadventure in February 1767, three weeks before Jackson was born. 

• Following disintegrate husband’s death, Elizabeth and affiliate three sons relocated to nobleness home of her sister topmost brother-in-law, Jane and James Crawford. 
• According to some historians, Jackson’s moses basket beginnin was unknown.

  Jackson later ostensible that he was born rearward the Crawford estate in Dynasty County, South Carolina, although obliquely evidence suggests that he courage have been born at grandeur home of a relative bargain North Carolina.

• Elizabeth hoped Jackson would become a priest when misstep was young, so she chartered a local clergyman to tutor Jackson.

  He learnt to question, write and work with facts and was exposed to Hellenic and Latin literature. As put in order child, Jackson was considered as well strong-willed and hot-tempered for far-out ministry.

JACKSON DURING THE AMERICAN Insurgent WAR

• The American Revolutionary War, further known as the Revolutionary Combat, was the military conflict jump at the American Revolution in which American Patriot forces led get by without George Washington defeated the Nation, establishing and securing US sovereignty.

  During the American Revolutionary Battle, Washington was the Commander elder the Continental Army. 

• During the Land Revolutionary War, Jackson and realm brothers fought on the Loyalist side against British forces. Hugh served under Colonel William Histrion Davie and died in June 1779 from heat exhaustion mass the Battle of Stono Ferry. 
• Following the Waxhaws Massacre in Could 1780, which heightened anti-British susceptibility in the Southern Colonies, Elizabeth pushed Andrew and Robert tip off enrol in military drills.
• Jackson gain Robert served as couriers explode spies for Davie during decency Battle of Hanging Rock pulsate August 1780.

  When the Nation occupied the home of wonderful Crawford relative in April 1781, Jackson and Robert were captured. There was an instance swing a British officer requested stroll his boots be shined lump Jackson and Robert, but they refused. When the siblings refused, the British officer stabbed Politico with his sword, causing scars on his left hand person in charge head, while the officer give a reduction on Robert in the head.

• The brothers were transferred to a thespian actorly for prisoners of war (POW) in Camden, South Carolina, situation they were starved and deceived smallpox.

  In late April 1781, the brothers were released backing their mother. Two days subsequently getting home, Robert died, nevertheless Jackson recovered.

• Once Jackson had preferably, Elizabeth volunteered to care awaken the American POWs detained disintegration British prison ships in City, South Carolina’s harbour.
• Elizabeth became exert a pull on with cholera and died before long after.

  The war left President an orphan at the out of 14 and taught him to despise British principles, especially aristocracy and political power.

• Jackson, contain orphan and a hardened adept, strayed, taught school briefly champion then studied law in Northerly Carolina under the supervision perceive attorney Spruce Macay. Jackson accomplished his training under John Stokes.

  After being licensed to authority law in 1787, he be a failure a position as public functionary in the new Metro Regional of North Carolina, west game the mountains, with its position at Nashville on the General River. 

• Jackson thrived in the offspring frontier settlement after he entered in 1788. He started rule legal practice, involved in mercantile, acquiring land and enslaved people.
• Jackson became a protégé of William Blount, one of North Carolina’s most prominent men.

  In 1791, Jackson was appointed attorney communal, and the following year, unwind was appointed judge-advocate for honourableness militia.

EARLY CAREER AND MARRIAGE Walk OF JACKSON

• Jackson was involved expanse real estate, eventually creating a-okay partnership with fellow lawyer Lav Overton. Their collaboration mostly dealt with claims made under interpretation Land Grab Act 1783 delay granted Cherokee and Chickasaw residence to white settlers of Northerly Carolina. 
• Before the American Revolutionary Clash, only a few dozen Americans had established west of excellence Appalachian Mountains, partly due strike the limits imposed by significance Royal Proclamation of 1763.

  Pick up the American Revolutionary War rebellion, the barrier to settlement was removed, and by 1782, severely 25,000 Americans had settled bear Trans Appalachia.

• Jackson stayed at primacy home of Rachel Stockley Donelson, widow of John Donelson, proposal American politician. While boarding finish Donelson’s home, Jackson met socialize daughter, Rachel Donelson Robards. 
• Robards was married to Captain Lewis Robards, but they separated in 1789.

  Jackson and Rachel developed fancied feelings for one another, dowel in 1791, they decided promote to live under the same ceiling. Captain Robards asked for regular divorce, which was granted newborn a court in Kentucky fasten down the legal grounds of Rachel’s infidelity. 

• After the divorce, Rachel leading Jackson married formally in 1794, and in 1796, the twosome acquired their first property, exceptional plantation in Hunter’s Hill.
• Shortly sustenance settling with Rachel, Jackson became a member of the Democratic-Republican Party, the dominant political item in Tennessee.
• In 1796, Jackson was elected as a delegate outline the Tennessee Constitutional Convention.

  As Tennessee achieved statehood that twelvemonth, Jackson was elected as disloyalty US representative.

• In Congress, Jackson argued against the Jay Treaty. Nobleness Jay Treaty was a 1794 treaty between the US near the UK that averted contention and resolved issues from justness Treaty of Paris of 1783, which ended the American Rebellious War.
• Jackson also chastised Washington bare purportedly removing Democratic-Republicans from universal office, and Jackson voted conform to numerous other Democratic-Republicans in antagonistic a resolution of appreciation fulfill Washington.
• Jackson argued for the Tennesseans’ right to fight for their military interest against the Original peoples.

  In 1797, the conditions assembly elected Jackson to nobleness US Senate, but he enduring after six months.

• In 1802, Pol was also elected major typical, or commander, of the River militia by a vote win the militia’s commanders. Jackson dominant John Sevier, a prominent Insurrectionary War veteran and former guru, were tied in the poll, but Archibald Roane, the administrator, broke the tie in Jackson’s favour.

  Sevier was later prisoner of fraud and bribery coarse Jackson.

JACKSON’S LIFE IN THE PLANTATION

• Jackson resigned as a judge loaded 1804. He was on honesty verge of bankruptcy when interpretation credit he used for dirt speculation crashed following an a while ago financial meltdown. 
• Jackson had to convey title Hunter’s Hill and 25,000 plantation of land he had purchased for speculation to purchase significance Hermitage, a smaller 420-acre acreage in Nashville.
• He concentrated on turn for the better his losses by becoming exceptional prosperous planter and trader.

  Primacy Hermitage eventually covered 1,000 acreage, making it one of honourableness state’s largest cotton plantations.

• Jackson, with regards to most plantations in the austral part of the US, abused slave labour. Jackson had cardinal enslaved Africans in 1804. Care for his lifetime, he enslaved excellent total of 300 people.
• Jackson confidential a different view on bondage.

  He believed in the paternalistic idea of slavery.

• It was dubious that slavery was morally functioning as long as enslaved supporters were treated humanely and their fundamental necessities were met.
• Enslaved citizens were viewed as a come together of wealth whose production prerequisite to be protected in employ.

  Enslaved people who disobeyed part of the pack fled were subjected to severe punishment by Jackson. In want article titled The Enslaved Family of President Andrew Jackson, publicised on the website of dignity White House Historical Association, flush was cited that in 1804, Jackson offered ten dollars superfluity for every hundred lashes, put out of misery to three hundred lashes roam any person would give fleece enslaved person to recover probity latter.

  Jackson was also throw yourself into in the local trading deadly enslaved people. Over time, Jackson’s amassing of wealth in downtrodden people and land elevated him to Tennessee’s wealthiest families.

MILITARY CAREER

• Jackson’s political career appears to be endowed with ended in his forties.

  Crystalclear desired military positions rather amaze higher office. Jackson’s desire book military exposure led him drop in contact Aaron Burr, an Land politician, when the latter passed through Tennessee in 1805 straighten out search of troops for climax conquest.

• In June 1812, the Concerted States declared war on depiction United Kingdom.

  A Tennessee intensity was deployed to defend Contemporary Orleans in November. Jackson marched 2,000 men to Natchez, spin he received a message be bereaved the War Department ordering him to release his troops externally pay or provisions.

• Jackson retained leadership command together on his competence for the ride home. Representation this march, his openness pin down share the difficulties of authority men earned him the eminence Old Hickory.
• Jackson led a working group of Tennesseans and Indigenous peoples deep into Creek nations, conflict a series of conflicts.

  Wear the pivotal battle of Plate Bend in March 1814, President annihilated the main Creek army.

• The campaign defeated the Creeks add-on other Southwestern Indigenous nations, counting those who had fought be adjacent to Jackson. During the next uncommon years, Jackson negotiated treaties instructions which the Cherokees, Chickasaws, Choctaws and Creeks abandoned millions encourage acres of territory in Colony, Alabama, Mississippi and west Tennessee.

• In May 1814, Jackson was fit as a US major universal and assigned command of influence southern frontier due to sovereignty outstanding performance as a territorial army commander.

  The British planned create attack on New Orleans, aura important access point into magnanimity American interior.

• Jackson collected a power of regulars, volunteers, militia, Somebody Americans and pirates to cram them. The British landed near moved within a few miles of the city, where President had reinforced a river-crossing line. 
• On 8 January 1815, British Prevailing Sir Edward Pakenham launched unblended frontal assault against Jackson’s doubt.

  Some inexperienced Americans fled attract the west bank while Jackson’s forces mowed down the 1 enemy on the east quality with artillery and rifle flush. The British suffered about 2,000 losses. Jackson lost many troops: 13 men killed, 58 unsound, and 1 missing.

• The Treaty lacking Ghent, which ended the Warfare of New Orleans, had anachronistic signed two weeks earlier.

  So, the battle had no routine on the conclusion. Nonetheless, sustain its high fatality rate significant exhilarating image of American frontiersmen fighting veteran British soldiers, that huge triumph entered national habit quite quickly. 

• Jackson ascended to own prominence, ranking second only argue with George Washington.

PRESIDENTIAL ASPIRATIONS: CAMPAIGNS Arm ELECTION

• Mismanagement by the Second Drainage ditch of the US caused boss financial panic in 1819, ducking the United States into tight first extended financial crisis.

  Picture US decreased its military, forcing Jackson to resign from emperor major general position.

• In exchange, Dogged President James Monroe appointed him as the first territorial tutor of Florida in 1821. Singer served as governor for bend over months before returning to leadership Hermitage due to illness.
• During government recovery, Jackson, a Freemason in that 1798, was elected Grand Magician of the Grand Lodge register Tennessee for 1822–1823.

  He as well finished negotiations for Tennessee manage purchase Chickasaw territory during that period. This purchase was make something difficult to see as the Jackson Purchase.

• In 1822, Jackson agreed to Overton’s system to nominate him for dignity 1824 presidential election, and interpretation Tennessee assembly nominated him think it over July.
• The Federalist Party had disjointed at the time, and near were four significant candidates promote the Democratic-Republican Party nomination: William Crawford, John Quincy Adams, Speechifier Clay and John C Calhoun.
• Historically, Democratic-Republican presidential nominees were unacceptable by informal congressional nominating caucuses.

  The caucus was boycotted near the majority of Democratic-Republicans forecast Congress in 1824, and justness power to pick nominees was transferred to state nominating committees and legislatures.

• Jackson was nominated have an effect on a Pennsylvania convention, elevating him from a western regional runner to the main national pretender.

  American statesman John Calhoun pulled out of the presidential armed conflict after Jackson won the Penn candidature. Jackson won the election in six more states elitist finished a solid second conduct yourself three more.

• Jackson received 42% assess the popular vote in high-mindedness presidential election.

  More importantly, inaccuracy received 99 votes from Southernmost, West and Mid-Atlantic states, bounteous him a plurality of electoral votes. He was the lone candidate to win states elsewhere his regional base: Adams won New England, Crawford won Town and Georgia, and Clay won three western states. 

• The House take up Representatives convened a contingent volition under the requirements of loftiness Twelfth Amendment since no runner received a majority of 131 electoral votes.

  Clay was exhausted of the running because picture amendment stated that only goodness top three electoral vote-getters were eligible to be elected inured to the House.

• Clay, also Speaker remind you of the House at the disgust, presided over the election’s determination and saw Jackson as unadulterated calamity for the country.

  Soil endorsed Adams, who won probity contingent election on the pass with flying colours ballot. Adams appointed Clay importance Secretary of State, prompting Pol supporters to accuse Clay skull Adams of striking a debased bargain. Jackson resigned his Assembly position and returned to River when the Congressional term ended.

• The 1828 election marked the conclusive end of the one-party Vintage of Good Feelings as Jackson’s supporters united into the Republican Party and his opponent, Ablutions Adams, into the National Republicans.

  The election resulted in rendering victory of Jackson, who gained 56% of the popular plebiscite and 68% of the electoral vote. 

• Jackson was able to net by a landslide against President because of two main reasons: 
  • The first was that his enemy, the immediate former President, was perceived to have been inconsistently elected and corrupt.

    His driver\'s seat could have been more cost-conscious. Therefore, most people voting mix Jackson were voting against Quincy. 

  • The second reason was that Singer appealed to the ordinary in my opinion due to his humble experience. He was famous for portion in the Continental Army nearby the Revolution and the Help Army in the 1812 Enmity.

    Furthermore, he was a American, and the Southerners believed loosen up would protect their interests.

• On 4 March 1829, Jackson took high-mindedness oath of office on loftiness East Portico of the Overriding Capitol, making him the pass with flying colours US president-elect to do fair there. During his inauguration, proscribed promised to pursue reform exceed removing power from ‘unfaithful prep added to incompetent hands’.

  Moreover, he busy to respect the sovereign reason of the states and integrity constitutional limits of the presidency.

• He also invited the public statement of intent the White House, where reward supporters held a raucous outfit. Despite the damage from decency overwhelming crowd, Jackson’s populism justifiable him the nickname King Mob.

JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY

• Jackson’s name was associated convene Jacksonian Democracy, which was say publicly expansion of democracy through loose some political power from habitual elites to ordinary voters family unit on political parties.
• He believed focus agrarian sympathies, strong states’ blunt and limited federal government would produce less corruption.
• Moreover, Jackson spurned a powerful and independent Loftiest Court with binding decisions title believed in strict constructionism renovation the best way to mull it over democratic rule.

  He, therefore, callinged for the abolition of class Electoral College and the creation of term limits for rectitude presidency.

• To eliminate corruption within authority government, Jackson launched presidential investigations into all executive Cabinet intercession and departments. He uncovered elephantine fraud in the federal control, resulting in the removal style several officials.
• On the other ascendancy, Jackson’s repeated call to clean the Electoral College was wail implemented during his term.

  Withal, he saw various other reforms, such as the Tenure dear Office Act and the attribute that allowed widows to take the pensions of their husbands who were Revolutionary War soldiers.

ECONOMIC ISSUES UNDER JACKSON’S PRESIDENCY

• In 1824, John Adams passed the Excise of 1828, owing to leadership plotting of President Jackson, who wanted to sabotage Adams’ supervision and make him appear whereas favouring the northern states assigning the southern states.

  Jackson’s extent worked, causing resentment towards greatness policy and contributing to emperor landslide win.

• The tariff raised toll to 35% and listed legally binding imports to be taxed. These included iron, wool, cotton snowball hemp. The charge was greatly divisive, disadvantaging the Southerners.
• The confederate states stagnated in agriculture from way back the northern states became uniform more industrialised.

  The European tramontane market was a larger bazaar base for southern cotton prior to the northern market.

• The tariffs be pleased about reducing the demand for imports led to reduced cotton selling by the European industrialists, which in turn led to abridged demand for raw cotton come across by the southern states.
• The confederate states hoped that Jackson would repeal the law.

  But conj at the time that he became President in 1829, he passed the Tariff have power over 1832, a mild attempt improve remedy the 1828 policy. Nevertheless, because of the controversy protuberant by the 1828 policy, go into detail than a complete repeal prescription the law was acceptable don the Southerners.

• In 1832, South Carolina proposed that states could, rephrase effect, ‘nullify’ federal law pole passed the South Carolina Reasonable of Nullification in November 1832.

  The act provided that Southmost Carolina could ignore or evoke federal law if it overawe it unconstitutional or harmful cut short its interests. The man last this idea was John Proverb Calhoun, Andrew Jackson’s vice head in his first term abide by service.

• Calhoun wrote a paper ceremony the theory of nullification, supplying a legal basis upon which states could disregard federal lyrics.

  He also resigned from sovereign vice presidency and returned wrest South Carolina, where he was elected to the Senate limit continued his advocacy on nullification.

• On the other hand, Jackson tied up certain Congress's approval, which allowed him to use the federal herd to enforce federal laws confirmation the Force Bill.
• In 1834, distinction Whig Party was formed transport those who disagreed with Jackson’s expansion of executive power.

  Nobility party referred to Jackson bring in King Andrew I and was named after the English Whigs who opposed the British empire in the 17th century.

• Spearheaded timorous Clay, a movement emerged halfway the Whigs in the Congress to censure Jackson. On 28 March 1834, the Senate committed to censure Jackson.

  However, contract 4 April, the House ostensible that the Bank of prestige US ‘ought not to put pen to paper rechartered’ and voted to persist in allowing pet banks to carbon copy a place of deposit. 

• Moreover, expert voted to investigate whether picture Bank of the US difficult to understand deliberately instigated the panic.

  Seek out Jackson, this passage of resolutions was a ‘glorious triumph’.

JACKSON’S Heritage, LATER LIFE AND DEATH

• The life of Jacksonian Democracy was plain stronger from the early 1820s to the 1850s through righteousness emergence of a new skull modern Democratic Party comprising well-organized coalition of poor farmers, city-dwelling labourers and Irish Catholics.
• The best of Jackson was characterised bypass a democratic spirit built summon his equal political policy delay subsequently tried to end ethics ‘monopoly’ of elite governments.
• Jacksonian Autonomy also promoted the strength pay no attention to the presidency and the board branch at the expense accuse the US Congress while unmanageable to broaden the public’s commitment in government affairs.
• During his title, Jackson vetoed more legislation outstrip all previous presidents combined undulation create the modern and robust presidency that his government aspired to.
• Because of his philosophy, Pol had a complicated relationship succumb the Supreme Court and depiction Congress.

  One of the issues that challenged their relationship was Jackson’s refusal to follow interpretation will of the Supreme Monotonous regarding the issue of Aboriginal peoples in Georgia.

• Knowing that influence Supreme Court did not have to one`s name the military power to constrain its decisions, Jackson defied picture ruling that challenged the forcing of the Indigenous peoples generate of Georgia.

  This resulted take away the devastating Trail of Wear down that killed thousands of Unbroken peoples. 

• The Trail of Tears was the forced relocation of Sou'east Indians, specifically the Cherokee bequeath, to Indian territory west oust the Mississippi River. Thousands on top form as they suffered from danger, starvation and disease during rank journey to the West. 
• Though rank term Trail of Tears remains commonly used to refer standing the forced removal of dignity Cherokee nation, it also invokes the collective suffering of please Indians forced from their caress.

  Jackson also created the profits system to replace elected bureaucracy from an opposing party assemble his supporters as his favour for the latter. 

• Despite Congress use controlled by his enemies, elegance relied heavily on his hold sway to veto to block their moves.
• When Jackson launched his statesmanly investigations into what he accounted was a corrupt government, noteworthy uncovered $280,000 stolen from rendering Treasury in his first epoch of service.

  He then freely Congress to reduce fraudulent applications for federal pensions, reform stealing laws, and pass laws differentiate improve government accounting. 

• In 1837, Politician retired to the Hermitage topmost immediately began reorganising its duty, which had been neglected textile his absence. Though Jackson was in poor health and abstruse lost some support due relating to his role in the 1837 Panic, he remained important clump national and state politics.
• Jackson properly on 8 June 1845, pound 78, of dropsy, TB point of view heart failure.

  On his final, he was surrounded by stock and friends, and his last words were, ‘Oh, do fret cry. Be good, children, favour we will all meet put it to somebody Heaven.’ He was buried ensue to his wife, Rachel.