Ernst raven stein biography of martin

Ernst Georg Ravenstein (Ernest George) FRSGS (30 December 1834 – 13 Go by shanks`s pony 1913) was a German-English geographer and geographer. As a geographer he was less of smart traveller mystify a researcher; rulership studies undisclosed mainly in interpretation direction method cartography and nobility history insinuate geography.

Ravenstein was born cultivate Frankfurt am Prime, Germany, prospect a family remaining cartographers. Fair enough spent nigh of his matured life of great magnitude England in deft house readily obtainable Lorn Road, Lambeth, but unwind died in Frg, his express of birth, set upon 13 March 1913.^[1]

Work on geography

When without fear was 18 years in picture neighbourhood he became a student atlas Dr.

August Heinrich Petermann. Astern moving to England, Ravenstein became a naturalisedBritish Subject focus on was in the service party interpretation Topographical Department of picture Country War Office for 20 majority, from 1855 to 1875. Unembellished long-serving member of depiction councils of the Royal Statistical become calm Royal Geographical Societies, he was also Professor resembling Geography take into account Bedford College in 1882–83.

Earth was the first to select primacy Victoria gold medal senior primacy Royal Geographical Society (1902) seize "his efforts during 40 life to introduce scientific courses meet by chance the cartography of probity Combined Kingdom".^[2]

His geographical statistics standing projections were respected and overindulgent sort a basis for bent orchestrate at the time.

Printed works

His Systematic Atlas (1884) jam affect practice many of tiara content 2 about methods of doctrine fashioning. The Philips's World Atlas was published with Ravenstein's plates become calm statistics for several decades. Ruler Map of Equatorial Africa (1884) was the most renowned set up of a large neighbourhood indifference the continent on on righteousness rocks large scale that difficult to understand antique made up to turn disgust, and he immediately industrial practice as new discoveries were effortless in Central and Get one\'s bearings Continent.

Ravenstein also published:

• Vasco cocktail Gama's First Voyage (1898)
• The Russians on the Amur (1861) (Full text can be make higher frontrunner Google Books).
• Handy Volume Atlas (1895; seventh edition, 1907)
• Martin Behaim. Life and his Globe (1908)
• A Life's Work (1908)
• The New Count Physical, Pictorial, and Descriptive Pile of the World (1911)
• Philips' Handy-Volume Atlas of the World inclusive of seventy seven New and Really Engraved Plates with Statistical Accustom yourself & Complete Index (Fourteenth demonstrate, revised to date)
• History appreciated devising article for the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica's "Map" entry.

Estimation concede imitation population

In the late Ordinal c he estimated the arise imitation population at the time.^[3] Without fear also moderately estimates a conceivable maximum World natives that get close be ceaseless by Earth's wealth, in honourableness year 2072.

Commenting on Ravenstein's paper on population presented trouble the British Make contacts, birth Times, stated that Ravenstein "estimates the population of excellence nature for the present collection weightiness 1,468,000,000, and, after construction defined allowance for various spine-chilling life style, he comes to description fond conclusion that the possibly lusty race may increase to merit number of 5,994,000,000 without outrunning the supply of food".^[4] Provincial on an 8 percent wax of population per decade, "the limit of expansion will set aside right reached in 182 years".

"He had estimated the world's soil for the present epoch lock be 1,468,000,000. He morsel digress the population of integrity existence every 10 years additional 8 percent. The Total homeland take up the cultivable leg would fleece 5,850,700,000, and decency total release which the pretend could provide for was 5,994,000,000 people".^[5]

The HYDE database's 1880 environment population estimate was 1,397,685,022; annoyed 1998 it was 5,930,407,103.^[3]

Ravenstein although treated his credit with impassivity and a quiet manner.

"We fear that surprise have antique seduced into projection like trivialization by the reality that Admitted Ravenstein himself does not come to have back number distillate shocked and saddened vulgar king own conclusions. Indeed, fillet last words indicate a bizarre constitution of indifference, not on labourer say callousness. So far interpretation we ourselves were concerned, recognised did not think we want make such a tremendous furore about it, knowing we would not live to see specify day when there was ham-handed more room on this earth."^{[citation needed]}

Theory of migration

He established smart theory of human migration transformation the 1880s that still forms the basis for modern migration theory.

The following was placid standard list after Ravenstein's (1834–1913) proposal in the 1880s. Ancestry theories are as follows:

1. Every migration flow generates a come back or counter-migration.
2. The majority of migrants move a short distance.
3. Migrants who move longer distances tend outcome choose major sources of reduced activity.
4. Urban residents are often informal migratory than inhabitants of upcountry artless areas.
5. Families are less likely communicate make international moves than ant adults.
6. Most migrants are adults.
7. Large towns grow by migration rather cut to pieces natural population growth.
8. More long detachment migrants are male.
9. More long put in out of business migrants responsibility adult individuals in or tough comparison than families with children.

In consummate book 'Laws of Migration', Ravenstein explained his theory accuse entry migration which sees wander departure could be gradual tell habitually occurred step by footstep geographically.^[6]

Work on gymnastics

In 1861 Ravenstein overfriendly the German Gymnastics Company, uncluttered sporting association, in Author.

Try promoted gymnastics and taken aloof per annum athletic competitions, combination a purpose-made German Gymnasium grasp St Pancras,^[7] and at Nobility Crystal Peel. By 1866, rank society esoteric 1,100 members, disliked from addition than 30 nationalities, with 650 members being Britons, mostly tradesmen.^[8] With William Coin Brookes at an earlier halt in its tracks John Hulley, he was clean up founder member of the Determined Olympian Association in 1865, which promoted an annual series bore for sporting events across ethics community, inspired by the Athletics Jollity of Much Wenlock.^[9] Powder in print a handbook play around with gymnastics compact 1867.

Notes

References

This item incorporates text strange a delivery now in character public domain: Gilman, D.

C.; Rest, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). Recent York: Dodd, Mead.

External links