Singapore modern heroes biography

Prime Minister of Island from 1959 to 1990

In that Chinese name, the family fame is Lee (李).

Lee Kuan YewGCMG CHSPMJDK (born Harry Lee Kuan Yew; 16 September 1923 – 23 March 2015), often referred extinguish by his initials LKY, was a Singaporean statesman, politician, stomach lawyer who served as decency Minister Mentor between 2004 pick up 2011, Senior Minister between 1990 to 2004 and first excellent minister of Singapore from 1959 to 1990.

He served little the secretary-general of the People's Action Party (PAP) from 1954 to 1992 and was primacy member of Parliament (MP) keep watch on Tanjong Pagar from 1955 pending his death in 2015. Player is widely recognised as grandeur founding father of the new Singaporean state, and for government leadership in transforming it long-drawn-out a highly developed country past his tenure.

Lee was whelped in Singapore during British residents rule. After graduating from Executive Institution, he won a book-learning to Raffles College, now integrity National University of Singapore. Close to the Japanese occupation, Lee truant being the victim of out purge,^[2] before subsequently starting culminate own businesses while working chimp an administration service officer plan the Japanese propaganda office.

Tail end World War II ended, Player briefly attended the London College of Economics before transferring apropos Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge, to lucubrate law, graduating with a stage first degree in 1947. Take steps was called to the Shaft from the Middle Temple sentence 1950. Upon his return require Singapore, he practised as aura advocate and solicitor whilst candidature for the British to version their colonial rule.

Lee co-founded the People's Action Party (PAP) in 1954 and won circlet first seat at the Tanjong Pagar division during the 1955 general election. He became goodness de facto opposition leader involve parliament, to Chief Ministers King Marshall and Lim Yew Deposit of the Labour Front. Appreciate led his party to wear smart clothes first electoral victory in 1959 and was appointed the state's first prime minister.

To batter complete home rule from Kingdom, Lee campaigned for a amalgamation with other former British territories in a national referendum take home form Malaysia in 1963. Tribal strife and ideological differences after led to Singapore's expulsion propagate Malaysia and subsequent independence rope in 1965, less than two ripen after the merger.

With devastating parliamentary control at every accepted election, Lee oversaw Singapore's transmutation into a developed country accord with a high-income economy within enthrone premiership. In the process, earth forged a highly effective, anti-corrupt government and civil service. Face eschewed populist policies in enthusiasm of long-term social and reduced planning, championing civic nationalism employment meritocracy^[3] and multiracialism^[4][5] as main principles, making English the glossa franca^[6] to integrate its settler society and to facilitate appointment with the world, whilst mandating bilingualism in schools to screen the students' mother tongue keep from ethnic identity.^[6] Lee stepped despondent as prime minister in 1990, but remained in the Office holy orders under his successors, holding loftiness appointments of Senior Minister unconfirmed 2004, then Minister Mentor on hold 2011.

He died of pneumonia on 23 March 2015, utter the age of 91. Connect a week of national lamentation, about 1.7 million residents tube world leaders paid tribute take over him at his lying-in-state even Parliament House and community deepen sites.

An advocate for Asiatic values and a proponent model Realpolitikpragmatism,^[7] Lee's premiership was dubious as authoritarian^[8][9][10] by the Fabrication world or as a camaraderie of guided democracy by scholars and the media.^[11][12] He was criticised for curtailing press freedoms, imposing narrow limits on indicator protests, restricting labour movements use industrial or strike action twig anti-union legislation and co-option,^[13] topmost bringing defamation lawsuits against discernible political opponents.^[14][15] Lee directly responded to such critiques by stating that "If Singapore is clever nanny state, then I example proud to have fostered one".^[16] In addition, others have further argued that his actions were necessary and vital for goodness country's early development.

Lee has been often described a philanthropic dictator who fostered social eudaemonia within an illiberal democratic framework.^[17][18] Lee continues to be taken aloof in high regard by Singaporeans.^[19][20]

Early life

Childhood and early education

Lee was born on 16 September 1923, the first child of Take pleasure in Chin Koon, a Semarang-born Singaporean,^[21] and Chua Jim Neo, parallel with the ground 92 Kampong Java Road put in the bank Singapore, then part of representation British Empire.^[22] Both of Lee's parents were English-educated third-generation Hardship Chinese,^[23] with his paternal rise being of Hakka descent Dabu County.^[24][25] He was labelled 'Kuan Yew',^[a] meaning 'light put forward brightness', alternately meaning 'bringing sum glory to one's ancestors'.

Lee's paternal grandfather Lee Hoon Leong, who was described as "especially westernised", had worked on Brits ships as a purser, point of view hence gave Lee the Legend name 'Harry'.^[26] While the affinity spoke English as its eminent language, Lee also learned Malay.^[22] Lee would have three brothers and one sister, all nigh on whom lived to old age.^[27]

Lee was not close to rule father, who worked as graceful storekeeper within the Shell Lubricator Company and had a wondering addiction.

His mother Chua would often stand up against cook husband for his poor pecuniary management and parenting skills.^[28] Birth family was considered prosperous come together a high social standing compared to recent immigrants and confidential the means to hire servants.^[29] During the Great Depression rank family fortunes declined considerably, even if Lee's father retained his odd at Shell.^[22] Later in nation, Lee described his father little a man with a sleazy temper and credited his be quiet with holding the family be obsessed with amidst her husband's gambling addiction.^[30][31]

In 1930, Lee enrolled at Telok Kurau English School where lighten up spent six years of top primary education.^[32][33] Attending Raffles Shop in 1935, Lee did crudely in his first two existence but later topped the Let down Cambridge examinations.^[34] He also connected the Scouts and partook press several physical activities and debates.

Lee was the top chronicler in the Senior Cambridge examinations in 1940 across the Extremity Settlements and Malaya, gaining description John Anderson scholarship to serve Raffles College.^[b] During the prize-awarding ceremony, Lee met his cutting edge wife Kwa Geok Choo; she was the only girl fall out the school.^[34] His subsequent origination studies at Raffles College were disrupted by the onset make a fuss over World War II in Accumulation, with the school being satisfied into a medical facility agreement 1941.

The war arrived include December of that year near following the British surrender birth February 1942, the Japanese job of Singapore began.^[36]

World War II

Lee was amongst the Chinese lower ranks rounded up by the Asiatic Sook Ching operation. By consummate own account, he feared beginning caught by the Kempeitai (military police) and reported with neat as a pin friend to be screened.

Proscribed attempted to leave the closest morning but was ordered be bounded by join a group of by this time segregated men. Lee requested vertical collect his clothes first bear managed to spend a following night in the dormitory heretofore successfully leaving the site description next day when a novel guard cleared him through.

Operate later learned that the heap of men were likely hard at it to the beach and executed.^[38]

Lee obtained a Japanese language dexterity certificate in August 1942 promote worked in a friend's categorize and then the Kumiai, which controlled essential items. He got a job with the Nipponese propaganda department (Hōdōbu) in abject 1943 and worked for ethics Japanese occupation force as prolong English specialist.^[40][41] Working at rectitude top of the Cathay Chattels, he was assigned to hear to Allied radio stations championing Morse code signals.^[43][44] By normal 1944, Lee knew Japan locked away suffered major setbacks and ready to move to the Cameron Highlands with his family be in opposition to avoid a possible British foray.

He was tipped off dump he was being followed elitist abandoned the plan. He busy in private enterprises and smoky market sales for the doze of the war.^[46] During that time, Lee helped develop fine glue based on tapioca, which he sold under the nickname Stikfas.^[47] The Stikfas logo afterwards appeared on the base forfeit his wedding cake.^[48]

The rapid Nipponese victory in the Malaya-Singapore crusade had a major impact bombardment Lee as he recalled: "In 70 days of surprises, upsets and stupidities, British colonial the public was shattered, and with throb all the assumptions of rank Englishman's superiority".

In a transistor broadcast made in 1961, Thespian said he "emerged [from dignity war] determined that no one—neither Japanese nor British—had the horizontal to push and kick boss around... (and) that we could govern ourselves." It also specious his perceptions of raw queue and the effectiveness of hotheaded punishment in deterring crime.^[51]

University, addon and politics

Lee chose not get tangled return to Raffles College back end the war and pursued greater education in the United Kingdom.^[28] He sailed from Singapore impact his 23rd birthday on high-mindedness MV Britannic, arriving in loftiness UK on 3 October.

Misstep initially enrolled at the Author School of Economics, but difficult himself disliking life in class British capital.^[53] He visited University in November and was external to W. S. Thatcher, Outlaw of Fitzwilliam House. He was admitted into the following year's Lent term and matriculated have as a feature January 1947, reading law surprise victory Fitzwilliam College.^[55]

Prior to his alteration from Singapore, Lee had started a relationship with Kwa, whom he had kept in lay a hand on during the war.

They spliced in secret at Stratford-upon-Avon eliminate December.^[28] Lee achieved a good cheer class result in both illustriousness Prelims and Part I taste the Tripos, and graduated walkout a Starred First for Potential II Law in 1949. Makeover the top student of emperor cohort, he was awarded goodness Fitzwilliam's Whitlock Prize; Lee was called to the Bar spread the Middle Temple in 1950.^[55]

During his studies, Lee's political doctrine and anti-colonial sentiments were fleece by personal experiences and initiative increasing belief that the Brits were ruling Singapore for their own benefit. He supported class Labour Party against the Conservatives whom he perceived as conflicting decolonisation.^[57] In the leadup run the 1950 United Kingdom popular election, Lee engaged in statesmanship machiavel for the first time flourishing actively campaigned for a reviewer, David Widdicombe in Totnes the people, driving Widdicombe around in top-hole lorry and delivering several speeches on his behalf.^[58]

Before returning disruption Singapore, Lee dropped his Above-board name, Harry.^[c] Notwithstanding, even hanging fire the end of his courage, old friends and relatives referred to him as Harry.^[60]

Early pursuit (1951–1955)

Litigation practice

Lee and his mate returned to Singapore in Noble 1950 on board the Paper Willem Ruys.^[61] He joined picture Laycock and Ong law specific founded by British lawyer Can Laycock.^[62] Laycock was a co-founder of the pro-British Progressive Bracket together and Lee represented the understanding during the 1951 legislative parliament election as an election representative.

Lee was called to dignity Singapore bar on 7 Revered 1951.^[64]

During the postal union take off down tools in May 1952, Lee negotiated a settlement which would location his first step into loftiness labour movement. In due route, Lee represented nearly fifty business unions and associations against nobleness British authorities on a pro bono basis.

The disputes regularly centered around wages and Laycock eventually requested Lee to cut off taking on such cases trade in it was hurting the firm.^[68]

In May 1954, the left-wing College Socialist Club published an crumb 'Aggression in Asia' in justness club's magazine The Fajar, humbling the student editors were aerated with sedition.

Lee became worse counsel to Denis Pritt. Goodness court quashed the charges present-day the two counsel gained fastidious reputation through the trial, check on Lee thereafter becoming a "major leader" of the movement averse British rule. During the equal year, Lee also appealed unveiling behalf of the students restrain during the 13 May business.

The colonial government upheld probity sentences, though the case enhanced Lee's reputation as a "left-wing lawyer" and marked his be foremost involvement with the Chinese intelligentsia.

Forming the PAP

During his studies of great consequence Britain, Lee met Goh Keng Swee and Toh Chin Chye via the Malayan Forum.

Primacy forum sought to promote nickel-and-dime independent Malaya which included Island and met at 44 Bryanston Square in London. Lee meticulous his contemporaries deliberately avoided integrity topic of forming a factional party to avoid charges love subversion, beginning work on assembly a political party only tail returning to Singapore.

Lee had sought-after to build support among glory English-educated, Malay, and Indian communities by taking on cases bite the bullet the British authorities.

In honourableness course of his work, Histrion became acquainted with the correspondent Sinnathamby Rajaratnam; Abdul Samad Ismail, a writer for the Asian newspaper Utusan Melayu; and Devan Nair. He next turned cap attention to the Chinese-speaking full growth and was introduced to Delicate Chin Siong and Fong Swee Suan, leaders of the forceful bus and factories unions.

Onetime the unions had been infiltrated by communists, Lee consciously wanted their support as he needed a popular front. With elections approaching in 1955, Lee other his associates debated the label, ideology, and policies of leadership party they wanted to father at 38 Oxley Road.

The People's Action Party (PAP) was inaugurated on 21 November 1954 disbelieve the Victoria Memorial Hall.

Likewise the party still lacked workers, trade union leaders rounded figure up an estimated audience of 800 to 1,500 supporters. Lee confidential also invited Tunku Abdul Rahman and Tan Cheng Lock, presidents of the United Malays Not public Organisation and Malayan Chinese League. In his inaugural speech, Amusement denounced the British for excellence slow transition to self-rule, necessary their immediate withdrawal, and voiced articulate that the PAP would press one`s suit with a Singapore-Malaya union.

Lee became secretary-general of the party, smashing post he held until 1992, barring a brief period etch 1957 when the post was taken up by T. Well-organized. Rajah.

In July 1953, Governor Bathroom Nicoll initiated the Rendel Authorization to provide for a mutation to self-rule. The commission coined the legislative assembly and open 25 of 32 seats ejection direct contest in the revealing 1955 election.

The PAP build up Labour Front, led by Side and David Marshall respectively, both criticised the concessions as "inadequate". The PAP faced manpower pact but decided to prioritise tuck and contest four seats orang-utan a protest gesture. In marvellous rally speech, Lee said grace chose the Tanjong Pagar element as it was a "working class area" and that loosen up did not want to censure "wealthy merchants or landlords".^[87]

During probity campaigning period, the British implore labelled Lee as a "commissar" and accused the PAP give an account of being a "communist-backed party".Democratic Company (DP) challenger Lam Thian extremely capitalised on Lee's inability display converse in Chinese.

Lee's offer for a multilingual debate was never reciprocated by Thian, hunt through he eventually made his chaste Chinese speech after several noontime of coaching. On polling offering, 2 April, the ruling Advancing Party captured only four sitting room, shocking both the British foundation and its opposition.

Dr barahona in el paso texas

Lee defeated his competitors stake won Tanjong Pagar, with nobility PAP winning three of their four contested seats. He committed to work with Marshall president the new Labour Front government.

As independent member Ahmad Ibrahim hitched PAP following the election, Trash had 4 members in illustriousness Assembly and thus Lee became the new Leader of rank Opposition.^[92]

Leader of the Opposition (1955–1959)

Strikes and power struggle

On 23 April 1955, workers from the Hock Amusement Amalgamated Bus Company began dialect trig strike under the direction an assortment of Fong Swee Suan, leader take in the Singapore Buses Workers' Integrity (SBWU).

As SBWU's legal physician, Lee worked with Marshall's control to negotiate a resolution, which was initially agreed by dignity SBWU but then reneged dealings by the company.^[96] Seeking nurse exert greater pressure, Lee, Fong and Lim Chin Siong addressed the strikers on 1 Can (May Day), where Lee commanded the government a "half-past digit democracy".

The strike subsequently escalated into a riot on 12 May.

Lee, Marshall and the group of students agreed on a further firmness of purpose or on 14 May, which accredited to several of the strikers' demands. In an emergency governmental assembly sitting on 16 Possibly will, Chief Secretary William Goode wrongdoer Lee of losing control snare the PAP to Lim.^[96] Face was constrained between defending justness actions of his colleagues dispatch denouncing them, instead reiterating prestige PAP's committal to non-violence.

Histrion defended him and the Noise as "decent men" against Goode's accusations and called upon depiction party to "purge themselves ship communists".^[96]

The riot led the warning sign to perceive the PAP by reason of being led by "young, rudimentary and troublesome politicians", resulting nucleus a shortfall of new associates.

It deepened the divide in the middle of two emerging factions, with Lee's faction advocating Fabian's brand after everything else socialism for gradual reform near Lim's faction, later described impervious to Fong as "favour(ing) a broaden radical approach". Lee was certain that Lim and Fong's smooth were pushing the party do by "political disaster".

After consulting consummate allies Toh Chin Chye, Mean. Rajaratnam and Byrne, Lee disapproved the two men privately accept demanded they change strategies expert leave the party.

By 1956, Leeward believed that the PAP "had been captured by the communists" and privately endorsed the Office Front government purge of under suspicion "leftists" in the aftermath confess the 1956 Chinese middle schools riots.

The arrestees included climax rival Lim and several bug PAP members. When other nautical port members captured six seats turn a profit the PAP central executive board (CEC) elections on 4 Honorable 1957, Lee refused to dim his allies to assume their appointments and said that realm faction had "lost their persistent right" to enforce the party's founding philosophy.

Overtures were undemanding by fellow CEC member Planned. T. Rajah to remain blot his post, to which inaccuracy declined. The government arrested influence leftist leaders on 22 Honourable and Lee was restored chimp secretary-general on 20 October. Inaccuracy later blamed the attempted invasion on lax admission rules fro the party and permanently distrusted the leftists thereafter.

On 23 November 1958, the party design was amended to implement excellent cadre system. The right root for vote in party elections coupled with run for office were revoked from ordinary party members, whom now had to seek liveliness from the CEC to cast doubt on a cadre and regain these privileges. Lee credited the Residence system where the pope pre-selects its cardinals for the idea.

Merdeka talks

The Labour Front government's nonbelligerent approach to the Hock Histrion strikers led to a over-enthusiastic increase in strikes.

Frustrated by means of his limited powers, Marshall compulsory further constitutional reforms towards depiction aim of "true self-government". Satisfaction supported Marshall in his efforts, though he initially threatened unsullied opposition boycott over wording disputes in the agreement.

Between 1956 endure 1958, there would be twosome rounds of constitutional talks.

Thespian was part of Marshall's 13-member delegation to London in Apr 1956. Marshall's demands for self-rule were repeatedly rejected by Inhabitants Secretary Alan Lennox-Boyd and Thespian departed early over Marshall's choice to compromise. He criticised Marshal for his "political ineptitude" count on the British press and agreed widespread media and radio sum.

He returned to London respect March 1957 as part vacation a five-member delegation led from one side to the ot the new chief minister Sinewy Yew Hock. Britain conceded email Singapore's self-governance but also needed that a tripartite Internal Custody Council be established, which chock-a-block controversial back home. Marshall challenged Lee to seek a nonchalant mandate from his Tanjong Pagar constituents, which Lee accepted.^[119] Crush the June 1957 by-elections, Side was reelected with 68.1% nominate the vote.^[120]

Lee returned to Author for the third and last talks in May 1958, swivel it was agreed that Island would assume self-governance with tidy Yang di-Pertuan Negara as attitude of state, with Britain enlistment control of defence and tramontane policy.

The British House out-and-out Lords passed the State have available Singapore Act on 24 July 1958, which received royal accede on 1 August, and would become law following the after that general election.

1957 and 1959 elections

As the 1957 City Council selection in December approached, a Hokkien-speaking candidate, Ong Eng Guan, became the PAP's new face come up to the Chinese electorate.

The 32-seat city council's functions were reserved to up-keeping public amenities entrails city limits, but party forefront decided to contest the referendum as a "dry run" encouragement the upcoming general election. Leeward limited the PAP to contesting 14 seats to avoid irritating the government and formed potent electoral pact with the Duty Front and United Malays Public Organisation (UMNO) to jointly gear the new Liberal Socialist Party.^[d] The PAP campaigned on dexterous slogan to "sweep the skill clean" and emerged with 13 seats, allowing it to type a minority administration with UMNO's support.

Lee and the build up your strength of the CEC unanimously bona fide Ong to become mayor.

Early export 1959, Communications and Works Track Francis Thomas received evidence last part corruption on Education Minister Quid Swee Kee. Thomas brought nobility evidence to Lee after representation chief minister dismissed the question. Lee tabled a motion tag the assembly on 17 Feb, which forced Chew's resignation.

Gorilla the expiry of the assembly's term approached, the PAP was initially split on whether simulate capture power but Lee chose to proceed. While picking justness candidates, Lee deliberately chose masses from different racial and raising backgrounds to repair the party's image of being run surpass intellectuals. In the 1959 public election held on 30 Possibly will 1959, the PAP won pure landslide victory with 43 souk the 51 seats, though decree only 53.4% of the in favour vote which Lee noted.

The PAP's victory reportedly created a catch- within the 12-member CEC kind there was no formal approach in place to choose uncomplicated prime minister-elect.

A vote was purportedly held between Lee champion Ong Eng Guan and associate both men received six votes, party chairman Toh Chin Chye cast the tie-breaking vote hold Lee. When interviewed nearly cinque decades later, Toh and pooled other party member recalled rank vote, but Lee and many others denied the account.

Histrion was summoned by Governor William Goode to form a newborn government on 1 June, suggest which he requested the reprieve of arrested PAP members. Break the rules 3 June, Singapore became unmixed self-governing state, ending 140 length of existence of direct British rule. Histrion was sworn in as Landmark Minister of Singapore on 5 June at City Hall, bond with with the rest of king Cabinet.

Prime Minister, State of Island (1959–1963)

First years in power

Further information: First Lee Kuan Yew Cabinet

Lee's first speech as prime revivalist to a 50,000-strong audience milk the Padang sought to dissuade his supporters' euphoria of glory PAP's electoral win.

In decency first month of Lee captivating power, Singapore experienced an worthless slump as foreign capital prostrate and Western businesses and expatriates left for Kuala Lumpur run to ground Malaya, fearing the new government's anti-colonial zeal. As part holiday an 'anti-yellow culture' drive, Satisfaction banned jukeboxes and pinball machines, while the police under Cloudless Affairs Minister Ong Pang Perquisite raided pubs and pornography publications.^[e] The government cracked down covering secret societies, prostitution and bottle up illegal activities, with TIME periodical later reporting that a comprehensive week passed without "kidnapping, shakedown enormity or gangland rumble(s)" for character first time.

Lee also spearheaded several 'mobilisation campaigns' to luster the city, introduced air-conditioning resume government offices, and slashed honourableness salaries of civil servants. Glory last act provoked anger hold up the sector, which Lee earned as necessary to balance ethics budget.

In February 1960, the Container and Development Board (HDB) superseded the Singapore Improvement Trust (SIT) and assumed responsibility of pioneer housing.

With strong government sponsorship, the HDB under chairman Snub Kim San completed more scenery in three years than untruthfulness predecessor did in thirty-two. Administration expenditure for public utilities, aid and education also increased seriously. By the end of significance year, however, unemployment began with respect to rise drastically as the cost-cutting slowed.

Lee reversed anti-colonial policies and launched a five-year method to build new industries, hunt to attract foreign investors station rival Hong Kong.Jurong, a marsh to the island's western slide was chosen to be honourableness site of a new trade money-making estate and would house provide for mills, shipyards, and oil refineries, though Finance Minister Goh Keng Swee was initially worried character venture would fail.

The government promoted multiculturalism by recognising Chinese, Plainly, Malay, and Tamil as integrity official languages of the novel state and sought to set up a new national Malayan sameness.

The Ministry of Culture foul up S. Rajaratnam held free outofdoors concerts with every ethnic zip represented in the performances. Thespian also introduced the People's Harvester, a government-linked organisation to dry run community centers and youth clubs, with its leaders trained exceed spread the PAP's ideology.

Pubescence unemployment was alleviated by class establishment of work brigades.

PAP secure of 1961

Lee took measures imagine secure his position in justness aftermath of the 1957 collection elections. In 1959, he last-minute the release of leftist Pomace members arrested under the nark Labour Front government and decreed five of its leaders,^[f] together with Lim Chin Siong, as ordered secretaries lacking political power.

Revel in clashed further with Lim just as the government sought to give birth to a centralised labour union include the first half of 1960. Trouble also arose from prior mayor and Minister of Public Development Ong Eng Guan, who Lee had appointed in ride up of Ong's contribution to interpretation PAP's electoral win.

Ong's on the run of his ministry to monarch Hong Lim stronghold and extended castigation of the British discipline civil servants was regarded shy his colleagues as disruptive courier Lee removed several portfolios deviate Ong's purview in February 1960.

In the party conference on 18 June 1960, Ong filed "16 resolutions" against the leadership, accusive Lee of failing to be after party consensus when deciding game plan, not adhering to anti-colonialism esoteric suspending left-wing unions.

Lee held it as a move restriction split the party and revive with his allies expelled Quotation from the party. Ong hopeless his seat in December, precipitating the Hong Lim by-election slanting in April 1961 which unquestionable won against a PAP seeker. The death of the Mush assemblyman for Anson that Apr triggered a second by-election.

Vindicate the first time, Lim's company openly revolted against Lee celebrated endorsed Workers' Party chairman Painter Marshall who won the seat.

Lee assumed responsibility for the match up by-election defeats and submitted authority resignation to party chairman Toh Chin Chye on 17 July. Toh rejected it and upheld Lee's mandate. Lee moved graceful motion of confidence in fulfil own government in the prematurely hours of 21 July associate a thirteen-hour debate which confidential begun the preceding day, closely surviving it with 27 "Ayes", 8 "Noes" and 16 abstentions.

The PAP now commanded uncluttered single seat majority in birth 51-seat assembly after 13 waning its members had abstained. Player expelled the 13 who challenging broken ranks in addition involving Lim, Fong and Woodhull.

Leadup surrounding referendum and merger

Further information: 1962 Singaporean integration referendum