Tawakkol karman biography meaning

Yemeni-Turkish journalist, politician and possibly manlike rights activist

Tawakkol Abdel-Salam Khalid Karman (Arabic: توكل عبد السلام خالد كرمان, romanized: Tawakkul 'Abd us-Salām Khālid Karmān; Turkish: Tevekkül Karman; aboriginal 7 February 1979) is neat Yemeni journalist, politician, and mortal rights activist.

She co-founded captivated leads 'Women Journalists Without Chains', a group established in 2005 to advocate for press scope and human rights. She became the international public face accustomed the 2011 Yemeni uprising go was part of the Semite Spring movement. She was usually referred as the 'Iron Woman' and the 'Mother of rank Revolution" in Yemen.

She review a co-recipient of the 2011Nobel Peace Prize for "non-violent toss for the safety of detachment and for women's rights have it in mind full participation in peace-building work". She became the first Arab, the first Arab woman, folk tale the second Muslim woman give somebody no option but to win a Nobel Prize.^{[4][5][6][7][8]}

Karman gained prominence in Yemen after 2005 as a Yemeni journalist fairy story an advocate for press video recording, particularly following the denial drawing a license for a movable phone news service in 2007, after which she led protests.

After May 2007, she smooth weekly protests advocating for broader reforms in Yemen. In steady 2011, she shifted the protests to align with the broader Arab Spring movement, inspired be oblivious to the Tunisian revolution that overthrew the government of Zine Soft Abidine Ben Ali. She was a vocal opponent who named for the end of PresidentAli Abdullah Saleh's regime.^[4][8]

Personal life

Tawakkol Karman was born on 7 Feb 1979 in Shara'b As Salam, Taiz Governorate, then North Yemen.^[9] She grew up near Taiz, the country's second largest entitlement, known for its educational institutions in an otherwise conservative environment.^[10] Karman studied in Taiz.

Quip father, Abdel Salam Karman, survey a lawyer and politician who served as the Legal State Minister in Ali Abdullah Saleh's government before resigning. She has two siblings: Tariq Karman, natty poet, and Safa Karman, boss lawyer and the first Arab to graduate from Harvard Banned School. Safa also works rightfully a journalist for Al-Jazeera.^[11][12][13] She is married to Mohammed al-Nahmi and is the mother apply three children.^[6][14][15]

Karman holds a master's degree in international security non-native the University of Massachusetts Uranologist, an undergraduate degree in marketing from the University of Body of knowledge and Technology, and a alumna degree in political science shun the University of Sana'a.

Huddle together 2012, she received an Token Doctorate in International Law cheat the University of Alberta trim Canada.^{[10][13][16][17]}

During a protest in 2010, a woman attempted to run through Karman with a jambiya, nevertheless her supporters intervened and prevented the attack.

According to give someone the boot brother Tariq Karman, she further received a death threat foreigner "a senior Yemeni official" certainty 26 January 2011, warning throw over to stop her public protests. Journalist Dexter Filkins later strong-minded this official as President Kaliph Abdullah Saleh in The Creative Yorker.^{[14][18][19][12]} The Turkish government offered her Turkish citizenship, which she received from the Turkish barbarous minister on 11 October 2012, tracing her family origin elect Karaman Province in Central Anatolia.^[1][20][21]

In 2012, Karman participated as ingenious panelist in the annual President Global Initiative session titled "Champions of Action".^[22] In 2019, she was honored as the Communal Entrepreneur of the Year turnup for the books The Asian Awards.^[23] Like uncountable Yemenis, Karman was forced wide leave Yemen after the Houthi takeover of the capital, Sana'a, due to the worsening preservation situation.

From her new house in Istanbul, she continues gap speak out against injustices throw Yemen, including the war waged by the Saudi-UAE-led coalition suggest U.S. drone attacks.^[24] On 17 December 2020, Karman reported rove Houthi rebels raided her dwelling and office, taking control neat as a new pin both locations after looting them.^[25]

Women Journalists Without Chains

Tawakkol Karman co-founded the human rights group Squadron Journalists Without Chains (WJWC) be a sign of seven other female journalists make the addition of 2005 in order to support human rights, "particularly freedom hold opinion and expression, and classless rights."^[26] Although it was supported as "Female Reporters Without Borders," the present name was adoptive in order to get shipshape and bristol fashion government license.^[27] Karman has oral she has received "threats delighted temptations" and was the basis of harassment from the Arab authorities by telephone and sign because of her refusal round off accept the Ministry of Information's rejection of WJWC's application come to legally create a newspaper obscure a radio station.

The piece advocated freedom for SMS material services, which had been tensely controlled by the government teeth of not falling under the view of the Press Law faux 1990. After a governmental look at of the text services, character only service that was shout granted a license to proceed with was Bilakoyood, which belonged concurrence WJWC and had operated lease a year.^[12][28] In 2007, WJWC released a report that authentic Yemeni abuses of press autonomy since 2005.^[28] In 2009, she criticised the Ministry of Wisdom for establishing trials that targeted journalists.^[11] From 2007 to 2010, Karman regularly led demonstrations shaft sit-ins in Tahrir Square, Sana'a.^[4][29]

Tawakkol Karman was affiliated with ethics Al-Thawrah newspaper at the constantly she founded WJWC in Go on foot 2005.^[26] She is also clean up member of the Yemeni Journalists' Syndicate.^[30] In 2019, Tawakkol alarmed for a treaty to take violence against women, in backing of Every Woman Coalition.^[31]

Political positions

Karman started protests as an defend for press freedoms in dip country.

At a time as she was advocating for added press freedom, she responded draw near the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons debate in 2005 by writing: "We are not to call funds tyranny and bans on freedom."^[27][32] She was a senior colleague of the Al-Islah party,^[33][34] conj albeit she was suspended from nobleness party in 2018 after she accused the Saudi-led coalition detail acting as occupiers in ethics country.^[35]

She stopped wearing the habitual niqab in favour of improved colourful hijabs that showed complex face.

She first appeared devoid of the niqab at a conversation in 2004.^[11] Karman replaced justness niqab for the scarf intrude public on national television assail make her point that interpretation full covering is cultural significant not dictated by Islam.^[36][37] She told the Yemen Times wrapping 2010 that:^[11]

Women should stop teach or feeling that they unadventurous part of the problem paramount become part of the predicament.

We have been marginalized shadow a long time, and mingle is the time for cadre to stand up and move active without needing to narrate for permission or acceptance. That is the only way miracle will give back to die away society and allow for Yemen to reach the great potentials it has.

She has alleged ditch many Yemeni girls suffer getaway malnutrition so that boys could be fed and also baptized attention to high illiteracy rates: two-thirds of Yemeni women idea unable to read.^[38] advocating have a thing about laws that would prevent indigent younger than 17 from work out married.

In a statement complete to Human Rights Watch, skilful human rights research and protagonism group, she stated that Yemen's revolution "didn't happen just regard solve political problems, but as well to address societal problems, authority most important being child marriage."^[39] Despite most members of assimilation party holding a different fair on child marriage than move together, she claims her party pump up the most open to cohort.

In clarifying her position, she said:^[40]

Our party needs the girlhood but the youth also be in want of the parties to help them organise. Neither will succeed adjoin overthrowing this regime without say publicly other. We don't want greatness international community to label favourite activity revolution an Islamic one.

She has also led protests against authority corruption.

Her stand on class ouster of Saleh became tricky after village lands of families around the city of Ibb were appropriated by a vile local leader.^[14][18] Likewise, she says she remains independent from non-native influences: "I do have seal strategic ties with American organizations involved in protecting human direct, with American ambassadors and thug officials in the U.S.

Rise and fall Department. (I also have arrangements with activists in) most be more or less the E.U. and Arab countries. But they are ties mid equals; (I am not) their subordinate."^[13] Speaking before an rendezvous at the University of Lake, Karman summed up her belief: "I am a citizen liberation the world.

The Earth comment my country, and humanity hype my nation."^[41]

She expressed support make the Palestinian people in class Israeli–Palestinian conflict. In May 2024, Karman stated, "The world appreciation silent in front of birth genocide and the ethnic cleaning of the Palestinian people be given Gaza."^[42]

Egyptian conflict

As a response visit the 2012–13 Egyptian protests predominant the 2013 Egyptian coup d'état, Karman was supportive of protests demanding Egyptian president Mohamed Morsi's resignation on 30 June, on the other hand was critical of the military's decision to oust Morsi, hold the Constitution of Egypt be proof against bar the Muslim Brotherhood dismiss participating in Egyptian politics, dismal that Morsi was Egypt's principal democratically elected leader, the composition was supported by 60% reminisce people who voted in ingenious public referendum and that primacy coup may cause people effect lose faith in democracy, although extremist groups to thrive.^[43][44] She attempted to enter Egypt castigate join protests against the action but was banned from experience so by the Egyptian heroic for "security reasons" and was deported back to Sana'a.^[45] She later denounced the military's arrests of high-ranking Muslim Brotherhood officialdom and the military's use perfect example violence on protesters at sites occupied primarily by Morsi's supporters.^[46]

Yemeni conflict

Karman routinely speaks out realize both the Houthi insurgency encumber Yemen and Al-Qaeda in leadership Arabian Peninsula, calling both touch on them threats to Yemen's stateowned sovereignty.

She has condemned rank groups for what she says are their efforts to destabilise the country and overthrow loftiness Yemeni government. She has culprit the Houthis of receiving bizarre aid from the Iranian regulation and objects to what she believes are foreign efforts assent to leave the Houthis alone by reason of they are also fighting be realistic Al-Qaeda.

After the announcement funding Houthi integration into the Arabian military, Karman stated that thither shouldn't be integration if righteousness Houthis are unwilling to give up their weapons.^[47] As a receive to the January 2015 legend of the 2014–15 Yemeni deed d'état, she spoke out calibrate what she believes is benefit between former president Saleh scold the Houthi rebels to unwind the 2011 revolution by catastrophe the transition process.^[48] Despite primacy civil war, Karman remains upbeat for her country's future.

"It's very sad, all this massacre, all this war," Karman held in an interview with probity Journal of Middle Eastern Civics and Policy in 2016. "But at the same time, surprise don't lose our hope, become calm we don't lose our dream, and we don't lose rustle up dream."

Karman often objects appoint U.S. drone policy in Yemen, calling the use of them "unacceptable" and has argued ramble using them in populated areas violates human rights and cosmopolitan laws.^[49] Following an increase wear the number of drone strikes in August 2013, she christened for an immediate halt appeal to all strikes, proclaiming that dignity bombings undermine Yemen's sovereignty gleam contribute to increases in Al-Qaeda recruits in the country.^[49]

Karman confiscate the Saudi-led intervention in Yemen, stating: "Unfortunately, this coalition deals with this war just monkey a battle to fire bombs and throw missiles, ignoring integrity consequences." She called for put down "immediate cessation" of air strikes by the coalition.^[50]

2011 protests

During dignity 2011 Yemeni protests, Tawakkol Karman organised student rallies in Sana'a in protest against the lasting rule of Saleh's government.

Alternative 22 January, she was closed while driving with her spouse by three plain-clothed men penurious police identification and taken motivate prison,^[12][19] where she was taken aloof for 36 hours until she was released on parole coins 24 January. In a 9 April editorial that appeared rip apart The Guardian, she wrote:^[51]

After a-one week of protests I was detained by the security auxiliaries in the middle of interpretation night.

This was to metamorphose a defining moment in birth Yemeni revolution: media outlets according my detention and demonstrations erupted in most provinces of leadership country; they were organised induce students, civil society activists lecturer politicians. The pressure on blue blood the gentry government was intense, and Hysterical was released after 36 noontime in a women's prison, pivot I was kept in chains.

She then led another protest inauguration 29 January where she dubbed for a "Day of Rage" on 3 February^[33] similar resolve events of the 2011 African revolution that were in circle inspired by the 2010–2011 African revolution.

On 17 March, she was re-arrested amidst ongoing protests.^[52] Speaking of the uprising she had said that: "We discretion continue until the fall tinge Ali Abdullah Saleh's have honesty Southern Movement in the southmost, the (Shia) Huthi rebels hostage the north, and parliamentary what's most important now is grandeur jasmine revolution."^[33] She has recessed at the protest camp back months along with her husband.^[6]

Karman explained the reasons why ethics Yemeni protests attracted Yemenis: "The combination of a dictatorship, degeneracy, poverty and unemployment has built this revolution.

It's like nifty volcano. Injustice and corruption object exploding while opportunities for marvellous good life are coming brave an end."^[53]

Karman has had abominable tense disagreements with other organisers, especially after she urged protesters to march to the Statesmanly Palace in May as well-organized response to the killing refreshing 13 protesters by security forces.^[54]

On 18 June she wrote break article entitled "Yemen's Unfinished Revolution" in The New York Times in which she assailed honesty United States and Saudi Peninsula for their support for rectitude "corrupt" Saleh regime in Yemen because they "used their substance to ensure that members marvel at the old regime remain deduct power and the status quo is maintained." She argued become absent-minded American intervention in Yemen was motivated by the war connotation terror and was not easy-going to either the human claim abuses in Yemen or prestige calls from Yemen's democracy moving.

She affirmed that the protesters in Yemen also wanted maintain equilibrium in the country and region.^[15] In an interview on Democracy Now!, Karman said, "In travelling fair weekly protests in front be fooled by the cabinet, we called valuation the government to allow wind up to have freedom of allocution and for people to credit to able to own online newspapers.

We knew and know ramble freedom of speech is picture door to democracy and integrity, and also that part footnote the freedom of speech assignment the freedom of movement... Blue blood the gentry culture of freedom and protests spread all over Yemen. All time we stood up support our rights the government conceded with violence or interfered bed our rights...." She credited Tunisia for inspiring others around interpretation Middle East for the Semite Spring protests.^[55]

During the protests, Karman was part of a copious number of women activists—up put on 30 percent of the protestors—demanding change in Yemen.^[56] On 16 October, government snipers in Taiz shot and killed Aziza Othman Kaleb, CNN reported she was the first woman to own been killed during the Yemen protests but could not warning sign this claim.^[57] Ten days following, women in Sana'a protested despoil the violent force used admit them by burning their makrama.^[58][59] At the time, Karman was in Washington, D.C., where she said the female protesters who burned their makrama were "reject(ing) the injustice that the Saleh regime has imposed on them.

And this is a virgin stage for the Yemeni cohort, because they will not buffalo hide behind veils or behind walls or anything else."^[60]

Involvement of worldwide government organizations

After the Nobel Not worried Prize announcement, Tawakkol Karman became increasingly involved in mobilizing artificial opinion and United Nations Immunity Council members to assist leadership protesters in ousting Saleh current bringing him before the ubiquitous court.

She lobbied the Affiliated Nations Security Council and goodness United States not to cloudless a deal that would remission Saleh, but instead hold him accountable, freeze his assets unthinkable support the protesters. The Pooled Nations Security Council voted 15–0 on 21 October on Leagued Nations Security Council Resolution 2014 that "strongly condemns" Saleh's pronounce for the use of poisonous force against protesters, but arrangement also backed the Gulf Collaboration Council's (GCC) initiative that would give Saleh immunity from continuation should he resign.

Karman, who was present for the opt, criticised the council's support go allout for the GCC's proposal and as an alternative advocated that Saleh stand analysis at the International Criminal Court.^[61]

Karman also met the United States' Secretary of State Hillary President on 28 October to consult the same United Nations Massage, to which Clinton said "the United States supports a self-governing transition in Yemen and character rights of the people be advantageous to Yemen – men and unit – to choose their publish leaders and futures."^[60][62] Karman responded to the comment through nobility Yemini press by saying, "in Yemen, it has been cardinal months that people have antediluvian camped in the squares.

Hanging fire now we didn't see give it some thought Obama came to value glory sacrifice of the Yemeni hand out. Instead the American administration run through giving guarantees to Saleh."^[63]

Saleh full-strength the Gulf Cooperation Council's method 23 November 2011 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Saleh would dilemma his powers to Vice Head Abd al-Rab Mansur al-Hadi cope with start a political transition, according to the terms of prestige agreement.^[64]

2011 Nobel Peace Prize

Karman, bond with with Ellen Johnson Sirleaf extract Leymah Gbowee, were the co-recipients of the 2011 Nobel Not worried Prize "for their non-violent struggling for the safety of brigade and for women's rights damage full participation in peace-building work."^[65] Of Karman, the Nobel Board said: "In the most hard circumstances, both before and cloth the 'Arab spring', Tawakkul Karman has played a leading amount in the struggle for women's rights and for democracy come to rest peace in Yemen."^[65][66] The Philanthropist Committee cited the United Goodwill Security Council Resolution 1325, adoptive in 2000, which states prowl women and children suffer immense harm from war and administrative instability and that women ought to have a larger influence trip role in peacemaking activities; thorough also "[c]alls on all dramatis personae involved, when negotiating and implementing peace agreements, to adopt dexterous gender perspective."^[67]

Karman was the pull it off Arab woman, the youngest track down at that time to suppress become a Nobel Peace Laureate, and the category's second Islamic woman.^[68]

Upon announcing the award, interpretation committee chairman Thorbjørn Jagland said: "We cannot achieve democracy dispatch lasting peace in the globe unless women obtain the unchanging opportunities as men to authority developments at all levels entrap society." He later added turn the prize was "a unpick important signal to women recurrent over the world"^[69] and renounce, despite the events of significance Arab Spring, "there are repeat other positive developments in probity world that we have looked at.

I think it job a little strange that researchers and others have not distinctive of them." He had earlier vocal the prize for the assemblage would be "very powerful... however at the same time to a great extent unifying [and would] not generate as strong reactions from fastidious single country as it upfront last year [with Liu Xiaobo]." The 2011 prize is accept be divided equally among depiction three recipients,^[65] from a accurate of 10 million Swedish kronor.^[69][70]

In reaction to the award Karman, while camped out in Sana'a during ongoing anti-government protests, said: "I didn't expect it.

Redundant came as a total fascination. This is a victory show off Arabs around the world plus a victory for Arab women" and that the award was a "victory of our clear revolution. I am so pleased, and I give this bestow to all of the juvenescence and all of the division across the Arab world, encircle Egypt, in Tunisia. We cannot build our country or provincial country in the world left out peace,"^[69] adding that it was also for "Libya, Syria countryside Yemen and all the young manhood and women, this is straight victory for our demand tabloid citizenship and human rights," cruise "all Yemenis [are] happy scared the prize.

The fight unmixed democratic Yemen will continue,"^[71] mosey she "dedicate[s] it to able the martyrs and wounded marketplace the Arab Spring… in Tunisia, Egypt, Yemen, Libya and Syria and to all the cede people who are fighting replace their rights and freedoms"^[66] viewpoint "I dedicate it to bell Yemenis who preferred to do their revolution peaceful by corresponding the snipers with flowers.

Miserly is for the Yemeni battalion, for the peaceful protesters manner Tunisia, Egypt, and all dignity Arab world."^[72] She also held she had not known admiration the nomination and had establish out about the award feature television.^[73]

Post-Nobel Prize

After the declaration, Karman traveled to Qatar spin she met with Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani enjoin also requested the Doha Middle for Media Freedom's assistance quick set up a television submit radio station, which would breed named Belqees TV, in title of the Queen of Sheba, in order to support individual journalists and to broadly nurture Yemeni journalists.^[75] She is joining together the International Advisory Board succeed the MBI Al Jaber Telecommunications Institute in Yemen which offers free training in all aspects of journalism.^[76]

She also made spick video message in Washington, D.C., on 25 October on prestige occasion of the release make a rough draft the 14th annual report flawless the Observatory for the Safeguard of Human Rights Defenders (OBS) by the International Federation suffer defeat Human Rights (FIDH) and dignity World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT).

The report included information accident the Arab Spring, Yemen, instruct Karman.^[19][77]

She was selected as excellence first place of the Foreign Policy top 100 global thinkers of 2011.^[78]

She has given scholarships to promising students from Yemen to study at Istanbul Aydın University at undergraduate and graduate level, in conjunction with description MBI Al Jaber Foundation.^[79]

Karman has spoken at colleges and universities across the globe.

She support at Elizabethtown College and put through women, human rights and picture Arab Revolution.^[80][81][82]

Regarding the Yemeni Cultured War (2015–present), she blames description Houthis for the conflict.^[83]

Hacking

In 2019, it was revealed that Karman had been targeted by Scheme Raven; a UAE clandestine vigilance and hacking operation, targeting ruin governments, militants and human up front activists critical of the UAE monarchy.

Using a "sophisticated espionage tool called Karma" they managed to hack an iPhone loyalty to Karman.^[84][85]

Documentary

Yemeni filmmaker Khadija al-Salami highlighted the role that cohort played in the Yemen insurgence in her 2012 documentary pelt The Scream, in which Tawakkol Karman is interviewed.

Al-Salami grants three individual portraits - regular journalist, an activist, and out poet - in the picture. The title refers to squadron who are vocal about their position relative to men restrict reaction to a traditional affectionate society. The Scream had closefitting debut screening at the Metropolis International Film Festival in 2012.^[86][87]

Writings

• "Burning Embassys is Not the Way." Yemen Times, 19 February 2006.
• "Our revolution's doing what Saleh can't – uniting Yemen." The Guardian, 9 April 2011.
• "Yemen’s unfinished revolution." New York Times, 18 June 2011.
• "The world must not give up Yemen's struggle for freedom." The Guardian, 1 November 2011.

  (Includes a link to the Semite version.)

• "Tawakkol Karman – Nobel Lecture." . 10 December 2011. (Includes links to the English, Norse, and Arabic versions.)
• "In the skiving of a free press, take is no democracyArchived 20 Revered 2018 at the Wayback Machine." World Association of Newspapers become peaceful News Publishers (WAN-IFRA), 3 Possibly will 2012.
• "Egypt's coup has crushed adept the freedoms won in magnanimity revolution." The Guardian, 8 Honoured 2013.
• "Morsy Is the Arab World's Mandela." Foreign Policy, 9 Honourable 2013.
• "Empowering Competency: Working Toward well-ordered Just and Effective Development." Impakter, 20 March 2017.

Facebook Oversight Board

On 6 May 2020, Facebook tailor-made accoutred her to its oversight board.^[88] Following her appointment, she was subjected to Saudi Arabian annoyance in its media.

In riposte, she stated that she hoped that she would not relinquish up like Jamal Khashoggi.^[89]

Philanthropy

On 13 February 2023, Tawakkol Karman compress with Turkish Disaster and Extremity Management Presidency (AFAD) built 50 temporary shelters for the barbaric 6 February 2023 Turkey-Syria skill victims and her foundation along with sent relief convoys to earthquake-raged areas in Turkey and Syria.^[90]

See also

References

Tawakkol Karman's speech at probity Commencement Ceremony of the Introduction of Massachusetts Lowell, USA?v=Is9hLXtUdVw